Lanzhou is situated in a temperate zone and enjoys a semi-arid climate with hot summers and cold, very dry winters. The monthly 24-hour average temperature ranges from −5.3 °C (22.5 °F) in January to 22.4 °C (72.3 °F) in July. The median annual temperature is 9.75 °C (49.6 °F), while annual rainfall is 315 millimeters (12.4 in), almost all of which falls from May to October. The winters are so dry that snow is extremely rare. Sunshine is rich, with no month having less than 50 percent of the potential, but not particularly abundant, averaging at 2,424 hours annually.

Lanzhou boasts a rich reserve of natural mineral resources. Currently, a total of 35 kinds of minerals and 156 various types of ore deposits have been detected in the region, including ferrous metal, nonferrous metal, noble metal, rare earth and energy minerals.

The forest area of the city totals at 539,000 hectares, with forest coverage reaching 12.21 percent. The forest area per capita is now 8.9 square meters.

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